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Cisco網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議:EIGRP向本區(qū)域下放默認(rèn)路由的設(shè)置方法-IT運(yùn)維


2020-06-03 20:27 作者:admin 瀏覽量:

Cisco網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議:EIGRP向本區(qū)域下放默認(rèn)路由的設(shè)置方法-IT運(yùn)維

 
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下面由網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)維工程師為您講解專(zhuān)業(yè)的解決方案 
 
 EIGRP的定義
  EIGRP:Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol 即 增強(qiáng)內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)路由線(xiàn)路協(xié)議。也翻譯為 加強(qiáng)型內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)路由協(xié)議。 EIGRP是Cisco公司的私有協(xié)議。Cisco公司是該協(xié)議的發(fā)明者和唯一具備該協(xié)議解釋和修改權(quán)的廠(chǎng)商。 EIGRP結(jié)合了鏈路狀態(tài)和距離矢量型路由選擇協(xié)議的Cisco專(zhuān)用協(xié)議,采用彌散修正算法(DUAL)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)快速收斂,可以不發(fā)送定期的路由更新信息以減少帶寬的占用,支持Appletalk、IP、Novell和NetWare等多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議。
  默認(rèn)路由
  默認(rèn)路由是一種特殊的靜態(tài)路由,指的是當(dāng)路由表中與包的目的地址之間沒(méi)有匹配的表項(xiàng)時(shí)路由器能夠做出的選擇·如果沒(méi)有默認(rèn)路由,那么目的地址在路由表中沒(méi)有匹配表項(xiàng)的包將被丟棄· 默認(rèn)路由在某些時(shí)候非常有效,當(dāng)存在末梢網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí),默認(rèn)路由會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化路由器的配置,減輕管理員的工作負(fù)擔(dān),提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能。
 實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)淙缦拢酚善鱎1、R2、R3為內(nèi)部路由器,而R4為外部路由,實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康臑锳S內(nèi)部路由器發(fā)放默認(rèn)路由,那么如何實(shí)現(xiàn)呢,請(qǐng)看下面步驟。
 

  基礎(chǔ)配置如下:
  R1:
  interface Loopback0
  ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface FastEthernet0/0
  ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
  !
  router eigrp 90
  network 0.0.0.0
  no auto-summary
  !
  ========================================================
  R2:
  interface Loopback0
  ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface FastEthernet0/0
  ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface FastEthernet0/1
  ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
  !
  router eigrp 90
  network 0.0.0.0
  no auto-summary
  ========================================================
  R3:
  interface Loopback0
  ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface FastEthernet0/1
  ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Serial1/0
  ip address 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
  !
  router eigrp 90
  network 23.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
  no auto-summary
  =========================================================
  R4:
  interface Loopback0
  ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0
  !
  interface Serial1/1
  ip address 34.1.1.4 255.255.255.0
  !
  ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial1/1 34.1.1.3
  方法1:通過(guò)在AS邊界路由器R3上重分發(fā)靜態(tài)的方式引入默認(rèn)路由
  在R3配置如下:
  R3:
  ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial1/0 34.1.1.4
  Router eigrp 90
  Redistribute static
  R1:
  R1#show ip rou
  Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
  1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 12.1.1.2, 00:15:47, FastEthernet0/0
  23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 23.1.1.0 [90/307200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:14:57, FastEthernet0/0
  12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  D*EX 0.0.0.0/0 [170/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:03:44, FastEthernet0/0
方法2:通過(guò)手工宣告默認(rèn)靜態(tài)路由,只是該路由不能指定下一跳
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  R3:
  Ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 1/0
  Router eigrp 90
  Network 0.0.0.0
  R1:
  R1#show ip rou
  Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
  34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 34.1.1.0 [90/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:02:57, FastEthernet0/0
  1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 12.1.1.2, 00:23:44, FastEthernet0/0
  3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 3.3.3.0 [90/435200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:02:57, FastEthernet0/0
  23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 23.1.1.0 [90/307200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:22:55, FastEthernet0/0
  12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  D* 0.0.0.0/0 [90/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0
  方法3:使用ip default-network x.x.x.x,注意在使用該方法時(shí)邊界路由器上要滿(mǎn)足三個(gè)條件,條件一:路由表中必須要有該主類(lèi)路由條目(該主類(lèi)的子網(wǎng)路由不算),條件二:宣告時(shí)要同RIP一樣宣告該主類(lèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò),條件三:ip default-netwok 后的網(wǎng)絡(luò)也必須是主類(lèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)
  D* 0.0.0.0/0 [90/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0
  R3:
  Ip default-network 34.0.0.0
  Ip route 34.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 serial 1/0 34.1.1.4 //R3并沒(méi)有該主類(lèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由
  Router eigrp 90
  Network 34.0.0.0
  R1:
  R1#show ip route
  Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.2 to network 34.0.0.0
  34.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
  D 34.1.1.0/24 [90/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:02:11, FastEthernet0/0
  D* 34.0.0.0/8 [90/2221056] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0
  1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 12.1.1.2, 00:02:11, FastEthernet0/0
  23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 23.1.1.0 [90/307200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:02:11, FastEthernet0/0
  12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
其實(shí)我們不一定非要指定外網(wǎng)出接口作為默認(rèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò),可以使用環(huán)回接口作默認(rèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可可控性也很強(qiáng),只寫(xiě)出簡(jiǎn)單配置:
專(zhuān)業(yè):IT機(jī)房建設(shè) 辦公大樓網(wǎng)絡(luò)布線(xiàn) IT硬件設(shè)備維護(hù)外包  運(yùn)維服務(wù)方案
  C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3:
  Ip default-network 192.168.10.0
  Interface loopback 1
  Ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
  Router eigrp 90
  Network 192.168.10.0
  R1:
  R1#show ip rou
  Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.2 to network 192.168.10.0
  1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 12.1.1.2, 00:08:12, FastEthernet0/0
  D* 192.168.10.0/24 [90/435200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:08, FastEthernet0/0
  23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 23.1.1.0 [90/307200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:08:12, FastEthernet0/0
  12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  和上面做出比較,環(huán)回接口更加穩(wěn)定,此外可以減小一個(gè)路由條目,內(nèi)網(wǎng)不需要公網(wǎng)的參與,編址也有所優(yōu)化,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中只有使用ip defaul-netwok下放的不是全0的默認(rèn)路由
  方法4:由于EIGRP支持CIDR,而CIDR的極限就是0.0.0.0/0
  C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
  R3:
  Interface fastethernet 0/1
  Ip summary-address eigrp 90 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
  R1:
  R1#show ip rou
  Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
  1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
  2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 2.2.2.0 [90/409600] via 12.1.1.2, 00:16:44, FastEthernet0/0
  23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  D 23.1.1.0 [90/307200] via 12.1.1.2, 00:16:44, FastEthernet0/0
  12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D* 0.0.0.0/0 [90/332800] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0
 
以上文章由北京艾銻無(wú)限科技發(fā)展有限公司整理

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